TABLE OF CONTENTS to ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

Page nos refer to the original, not the text only version	Page
Section 1 INTRODUCTION	11
1.1 References	12
Section 2 THE MOONEE PONDS CREEK BASIN AT THE TIME OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT	16
2.1 The Form of the Creek	16
2.2 The West Melbourne Swamp	16
2.3 Flora and Fauna	19
2.4 References	21
Section 3 DRAINAGE PROJECTS PRIOR TO 1892	23
3.1 Introduction	23
3.2 Early Modifications to the West Melbourne Swamp: The Impact of Railway Construction	23
3.3 Proposals for the Development of Melbourne's Port Facilities & Reclamation of the 'Low Lands'	23
3.4 Modifications to the Channel of Moonee Ponds Creek	25
3.4.1 Introduction	25
3.4.2 The Provision of a Direct Outlet for Moonee Ponds Creek	25
3.4.3 The Realignment and Improvement of Moonee Ponds Creek	25
3.4.4 The New Cut and the Coal Canal	29
3.5 The Reclamation and Development of the Swamp	29
3.6 References	36
Section 4 DRAINAGE PROBLEMS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES 1892-1940	37
4.1 Pollution	37
4.2 Flooding	37
4 .2.1 Reports of Early Floods	37
4.2.2 Flooding behind the Embankments	39
4.2.3 The Breaching of the Embankment: The Flood of August 1924	39
4.2.4 The Christmas Day Flood, 1933	41
4.2.5 The Flood of late November/early December 1934	42
4.2.6 Contributory Factors	45
4.3 Flood Alleviation Proposals	45
4.4 The 5 000 Cusec Channel	50
4.5 Drainage Problems Upstream of Flemington Road	52
4.5.1 Sand Extraction and Bank Erosion	52
4.5.2 Filling of the Floodplain	52
4.6 Works on Tributaries	56
4.7 References	60
Section 5 DRAINAGE PROBLEMS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES 1941 -1966	61
5.1 Erosion	61
5.1.1 Introduction	61
5.1.2 Minor Bank Protection Works	61
5.1.3 Major Improvement Works	61
(a) at Hilda Street, Essendon	61
(b) at Pattison Street, Essendon	66
(c) at Somerset Street, Coburg	69
(d) at Waxman Parade, Brunswick	69
(e) at Donald Avenue, Essendon	74
(f) from Avoca Crescent to Gaffney Street, Coburg	77
5.1 .4 Other Works	79
5.2 Flooding	81
5.2.1 Introduction	81
5.2.2 The Flood of February 1946	81
5.2.3 Flood Alleviation Proposals	83
(a) Improvement of the Channel below Dynon Road Bridge	83
(b) Proposed Improvements between Flemington Road and Ormond Road	87
5.2.4 The October 1956 and September 1960 Floods	83
5.2.5 Remedial Measures	87
5.2.6 The 1963 Floods	89
5.3 Work on Tributaries	91
5.3.1 Introduction	91
5.3.2 The Improvement Works	91
(a) Royal Park Drain, Melbourne	91
(b) Bent Street Main Drain, Essendon	91
(c) Melville Main Drain, Coburg and Brunswick	91
(d) Coonans Road Drain, Brunswick and Coburg	92
(e) Five Mile Creek and Magdala Avenue Main Drains, Essendon	94
(f) Westbreen Creek and the Acacia Street, Cardinal Road and West Street Drains, Coburg and Broadmeadows	94
(g) Chapman Avenue Main Drain, Broadmeadows	94
(h) Mascoma Street Drain, Essendon	95
(i) Widford Road Drain, Broadmeadows	95
(j) Railway Crescent Drain, Broadmeadows	95
5.4 References	95
Section 6 RETARDING BASINS	96
6.1 Introduction	96
6.2 The Jacana Retarding Basin	96
6.3 The Proposed Broadmeadows and Tullamarine Retarding Basins	101
6.4 The Broad Street Drain Retarding Basins	102
6.5 References	106
Section 7 THE TULLAMARINE FREEWAY: ASSOCIATED DRAINAGE WORKS	107
7.1 Introduction	107
7.2 Flemington Road to Ormond Road	107
7.3 Ormond Road to Evans Street	111
7.4 Reynard Street to Tate Street	114
7.5 Associated Works on Tributaries	116
7.6 References	117
Section 8 POST FREEWAY WORKS	118
8.1 Introduction	118
8.2 Improvement Works between Evans and Gordon Streets, Essendon	118
8.3 Improvement Works and Beautification Works at Westmeadows	119
8.4 Improvement Works between Margaret Street and Gaffney Street, Pascoe Vale	119
8.5 Improvements between Pascoe Street and Lyons Street, Broadmeadows	128
8.6 Works on Tributaries : Post 1967	131
8.6.1 Introduction	131
8.6.2 The Works	131
(a) Royal Park Drain, Melbourne	131
(b) Melville Main Drain, Brunswick and Coburg	131
(c) Five Mile Creek, Essendon	131
(d) Westbreen Creek, Broadmeadows and Coburg	131
(e) West Street Drain, Coburg	131
(f) Mascoma Street Drain, Broadmeadows	132
(g) Widford Road Drain, Broadmeadows	134
(h) Railway Crescent Drain, Broadmeadows	134
(i) Broad Street Drain, Broadmeadows	134
(j) Booths Drain, Broadmeadows	134
(k) Otway Crescent Drain, Broadmeadows	134
(i) Shankland Road Drain, Broadmeadows	135
8.7 References	135
Section 9 MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT	136
9.1 Introduction : Some Legal Considerations	137
9.2 The Maintenance of the Creek Network	137
9.2.1 Introduction	137
9.2.2 Recurring Maintenance Tasks	137
(a) Mowing and Weed Control	137
(b) Debris and Sediment Removal	138
(c) Bank Repair	139
(i) Bank Slumping	139
(ii) Repair of Eroded Sections	139
(iii) Repair of Pitched Sections	142
(d) Inspection and Maintenance of Underground Drains	142
9.2.3 Minor Improvement Works	142
9.2.4 Some Management Problems	144
9.2.5 Maintenance Costs	147
9.3 The Management of Land Adjoining Moonee Ponds Creek Some Legal Considerations	148
9.3.1 Subdivisions and Reserves	148
9.3.2 Board of Works Control over Land Adjacent to Moonee Ponds Creek	148
(a) Introduction	148
(b) Reserves and Easements	149
(c) Restrictions to the Development of Flood Prone Land	149
(d) Board of Works By-Law No 25	149
(e) Town Planning Restrictions	149
9.3.3 Planning : Proposals and Zoning	149
(a) The 1929 Plan of General Development	149
(b) The 1954 Planning Scheme	150
9.4 The Management of Land Adjoining Moonee Ponds Creek: Zoning, Ownership and Land Use.	161
9.4.1 Introduction	162
9.4.2 The Yarra River to Flemington Road	162
9.4.3 Flemington Road to Donald Avenue, Essendon	162
9.4.4 Donald Avenue, Essendon to Margaret Street, Broadmeadows	165
9.4.5 Margaret Street, Broadmeadows to Valley Crescent, Broadmeadows	168
9.4.6 Valley Crescent, Broadmeadows to Yuroke Creek	168
9.4.7 Yuroke Creek and Otway Crescent Drain	168
9.4.8 Upstream of Yuroke Creek	169
9.5 References	170
Section 10 FUTURE DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES	172
10.1 Introduction	172
10.2 Management Policies	174
APPENDICES	179
A WORKS ON TRIBUTARIES 1928 To 1940: DETAILED LOCALITY PLANS, TYPE SECTIONS, AND DETAILS OF WORKS	180
Melville Creek	180
Hope St	182
Albion St	183
Five Mile Creek	184
B DISCHARGE CAPACITY AND FREQUENCY ESTIMATES FOR WORKS CONSTRUCTED ON MOONEE PONDS CREEK: METHODS OF CALCULATION	185
C WORKS ON TRIBUTARIES 1941 TO 1967: DETAILED LOCALITY PLANS, TYPE SECTIONS, AND DETAILS OF WORKS	187
Royal Park, Bent St	188
Melville Creek	189
Coonans Creek	191
Five Mile Creek	193
Westbreen Creek	195
Acacia St	196
Cardinal St	198
West St	199
Mascoma St	200
Chapman	201
Widford	202
Railway Crescent	204
D WORKS ON TRIBUTARIES POST 1967: DETAILED LOCALITY PLANS, TYPE SECTIONS, AND DETAILS OF WORKS	205
Royal Park	206
Melville Creek	207
Five Mile Creek	207
Westbreen Creek	208, 211
West St	209, 212
Mascoma St	210, 213
Broad and Booth St	214, 215
Widford	210, 213
Otway Cres	216, 217
Shankland	218
Upstream of Yuroke Creek	219
LIST OF FIGURES
1-1 Location Map	11
1-2 Municipalities	MAPS 15
1-3 Topography	MAPS 14
1-4 Geology	MAPS 13
1-5 Stage Development	MAPS 152
2-1 Robert Hoddle's Map of 1837	17
2-2 Robert Russell 's Map of 1837	18
2-3 Map of the West Melbourne Swamp Area Compiled in 1855	18
3-1- The Low Lands Commission's Plan for the Reclamation of the West Melbourne Swamp	26
3-2 A K Smith's Plan for the Reclamation of the West Melbourne Swamp	27
3-3 Plan of the Lower Yarra, The Railway Coal Canal, and the Moonee Ponds Channels	28
3-4 The Old Course of Moonee Ponds Creek between Flemington Road and Arden Street	29
3-5 Plan and Type Sections of the Embanked Channel Constructed by the Public 26Works Department	30
3-6 Type Sections of the Pitched Centre Channel Constructed by the Public Works Department	31
3-7 Sir John Coode's Plan for Harbour Improvements	32
3-8 Proposed Plan for the Westward Extension of Melbourne	33
4-1 Sewered Areas 1900 and Sewer Network 1925	36
4-2 Subdivisional Development between Racecourse and Macaulay Roads, 1849-1931	40
4-3 Location of Area where Residential Development was Prohibited by the City of Melbourne in 1918	41
4-4 lsohyetal Maps for the Storms of Christmas Day 1933 and Late November-Early December 1934	43
4-5 Area Inundated by the Christmas Day Flood of 1933	44
4-6 The Railway Gravitation Bridge	46
4-7 Land Controlled by the Melbourne Harbour Trust and the Victorian Railways Department	49
4-8 The 5 000 Cusec Channel : Plan and Type Sections	51
4-9 The City of Melbourne's Pumping Stations	53
4-10 Original Subdivision of Land along Moonee Ponds Creek between Pascoe Vale and North Melbourne	55
4-11 Moonee Valley Racecourse, Circa 1930	56
4-12 Location of Drainage Works on Tributaries of Moonee Ponds Creek	57
4-13 Typical Pitched Drain : Albion Street Main Drain	58
4-14 Improvements on Melville Creek at Mclean Street Bridge	60
5-1 Proposed Alignment between Flemington Road and Francis Street, Broadmeadows	62
5-2 Type Sections for the Proposed Channel Between Flemington Road and Francis Street, Broadmeadows	62
5-3 Location of Bank Protection Works and Areas of Active Erosion, 1953	64
5-4 Examples of Minor Repair Works	65
5-5 Location of Major Improvement Works Undertaken between 1958 and 1966	64
5-6 Improvements at Hilda Street, Essendon : Type Section	63
5-7 Improvements at Pattison Street, Essendon : Locality Plan and Type Section	68
5-8 Latwal Migration of the Channel between 1940 and 1958 at Somerset Street, Coburg	69
5-9 Improvements at Somerset Street, Coburg : Locality Plan and Type Section	72
5-10 Improvements at Waxman Parade : Locality Plan and Type Section	74
5-11 The Waxman Parade Deviation : Locality Plan and Type Section	74
5-12 Improvements at Donald Avenue Essendon: Land Acquisition and Type Section	76
5-13 Improvements at Avoca Crescent, Pascoe Vale: Locality Plan and Type Section	77
5-14 Improvements at Albion Street and Moreland Road Bridges: Locality Plans and Type Section	79
5-15 Deviation at Five Mile Creek Junction : Locality Plan and Type Section	80
5-16 Melbourne Metropolitan Area : lsohyets for the Period 24 to 27 February, 1946	81
5-17 The February 1946 Flood: Details of Flooding downstream of Flemington Road	82
5-18 Proposed Creek Realignment between Flemington Road and Ormond Road: Locality Plan and Type Section	86
5-19 Improvements upstream of Flemington Road Bridge : Locality Plan and Type Section	88
5-20 Works on Tributaries: Locality Plan	93
5-21 Bent Street Main Drain. Extension to Waxman Parade Deviation: Locality Plan	92
5-22 Melville Main Drain. Works at Mclean Street Bridge : Locality Plan	92
5-23 Widford Road Drain. Improvements at Freeland Grove : Locality Plan	95
6-1 The Location of the Jacana Retarding Basin and the Proposed Broadmeadows and Tullamarine Retarding Basin Sites	96
6-2 The Jacana Retarding Basin : Detail Plan and longitudinal Profile of Outlet Structure	99
6-3 The Jacana Retarding Basin : Stage Storage and Stage Discharge Curves	104
6-4 The Jacana Retarding Basin : Stage Hydrographs for the Storms of May 1974 and April 1977
6-5 lsohyetal Maps for the Storms of May 1974 and April 1977	104
6-6 The Proposed Broadmeadows and Tullamarine. Retarding Basin Sites	105
6-7 The Broad Street Drain Retarding Basins : Locality Plan	106
7-1 Plan of the Tullamarine Freeway	107
7-2 The Tullamarine Freeway: Location of Works, Bell Street to Flemington Road	108
7-3 The Realigned Channel between Flemington Road and Ormond Road : Type Sections	110
7-4 Ormond Road To Flemington Road: Floodplain Area Lost as a Result of Freeway Construction	112
7-5 The Realigned Channel between Reynard Street and Tate Street: Type Section	116
7-6 Extension of the Royal Park Drain : Locality Plan and Type Section	116
7-7 Drainage Works on the Melville Main Drain: Locality Plan and Type Sections	117
7-8 Diversion of Coonans Road Main Drain : Locality Plan	117
8-1 Location of Works on Moonee Ponds Creek	120
8-2 Improvements between Evans Street and Gordon Street, Essendon : Locality Plan and Type Sections	121
8-3 Improvements between Gaffney Street and Margaret Street, Broadmeadows: Locality Plan and Type Section	125
8-4 Improvements between Pascoe Street and Lyons Street, Broadmeadows: Locality Plan and Type Sections	130
8-5 Location of Works on Tributaries	133
9-1 Bank Erosion between Gaffney Street and Margaret Street, Broadmeadows caused by the Easter 1977 Flood : Locality Plan	140
9-2 The Unlined Sections of Moonee Ponds Creek between Donald Avenue, Essendon and the Jacana Retarding Basin : Locality Plan	144
9-3 Report of the Metropolitan Town Planning Commission 1929 Proposed Parkland along Moonee Ponds Creek	151
9-4 Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works Interim Development Order 1955	Maps 153
9-5 The Melbourne and Metropolitan Planning Scheme as Amended as at 23 June 1980	Maps 154
9 6 Planning Zones and Land Ownership/Management along Moonee Ponds Creek and Yuroke Creek	Maps 155-161
9-7 Alternative Routes for the Proposed F14 Freeway	164
9-8 Land Ownership in the vicinity of Fanny Street, Essendon and Waxman Parade, Brunswick	166
9-9 Land Ownership at the Junction of Five Mile Creek and Moonee Ponds Creek	167
9-10 Land Ownership along the West Bank of Moonee Ponds Creek in the Boeing and Strathnaver Reserves, Essendon	168
9-11 The Gellibrand Hill Regional Park	169
10-1 Drainage Works Required	172
10-2 Capacities of the Moonee Ponds Creek Drainage System	173
10-3 Flood Hydrographs and Rainfall Characteristics for Selected Storms	175
10-4 Flood Hydrographs and Rainfall Isohyets for the Storms of May 1974 and April 1977	176
10-5 Flood Prone Land downstream of Flemington Road	177
LIST OF PLATES
1 -1 Bank Erosion along Moonee Ponds Creek Near Oaklands Junction : August 1980	12
2-1 View across William Street to the West Melbourne Swamp and Lagoon, Circa 1870	19
2-2 Early Paintings of the Moonee Ponds Creek Basin	20
2-3 The Treeless Landscape of the Middle Part of the Moonee Ponds Creek Basin in the 1930s	21
3-1 The December 1863 Flood	24
3-2 The Tidal Canal, Dynon Road, 1980	25
3-3 The Embanked Channel Constructed by the Public Works Department in 1884	31
3-4 Land Reclaimed by the Victorian Railways Department in the Eastern Part of the West Melbourne Swamp	32
3-5 The development of the West Melbourne Swamp	34
3-6 The Development of the West Melbourne Swamp	35
4-1 The Flood of 24 August 1924	39
4-2 The Christmas Day Flood 1933	44
4-3 The Flood of Late November 1934	45
4-4 The Constriction of the Moonee Ponds. Creek Channel by Vegetation	45
4-5 The Railway Gravitation Bridge	46
4-6 The Junction of Moonee Ponds Creek with the Yarra River	47
4-7 The Dredge 'Lady Stanley' Blocking the Outlet of Moonee Ponds Creek, January 1934	48
4-8 The Moonee Ponds Creek Channel between Arden Street and the Railway Gravitation Bridge	54
4-9 Sand Removal from Moonee Ponds Creek during the 1930s	54
4-10 Bank Erosion, Vanberg Road, Essendon	55
4-11 Bank Erosion, Salisbury Street, Essendon	55
4-12 Bank Erosion and Retaining Wall, Reynards Street, Coburg	55
4-13 Filling of the Floodplain between Flemington Road and Ormond Road	56
4-14 Erosion along Melville Creek and Coonan's Creek	58
4-15 Improvement Works along Five Mile Creek : Before and After Construction	59
4-16 Horseshoe Drains	59
4-17 The Pneumatic Core Process	59
5-1 Bank Erosion near The Boulevard, Pascoe Vale, 1952	63
5-2 Partly Rehabilitated Bank at the Rear of Kernan Avenue, 1955	63
5-3 Bank Erosion and Improvement Works at Hilda Street, Essendon	66
5-4 Improvements at Hilda Street, Essendon . Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	67
5-5 Improvements at Pattison Street, Essendon : Before and After Construction	68
5-6 Bank Erosion and Improvement Works at Somerset Street, Coburg	72
5-7 Improvements at Somerset Street, Coburg. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	70
5-8 Bank Erosion and Improvement Works at the Rear of Waxman Parade	71
5-9 Improvements at Waxman Parade. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	71
5-10 House Located near the Bank Edge, Morrow Street, Brunswick	73
5-11 Improvements at Donald Avenue, Essendon. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	76
5-12 Improvements at Donald Avenue : View Looking downstream from near Morrow Street, Mid 1980	75
5-13 Improvements at Avoca Crescent, Coburg. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	76
5-14 Flooding upstream of Avoca Crescent, Coburg, 17 July 1963
5-15 The Deviation at the Junction with Five Mile Creek,. Mid 1980	80
5-16 The February 1946 Flood : Views at the Low Level Main Lines Bridge, The Railway Gravitation Bridge, and Dynon Road Bridge	84
5-17 The February 1946 Flood : Flooding upstream of Flemington Road	85
5-18 The September 1960 Flood	87
5-19 Improvements upstream of Flemington Road Bridge. Aerial Views: Before and After Construction	88
5-20 Timber Training Walls on the upstream side of Flemington Road Bridge	89
5-21 The July 1973 Flood : Bent Street, Kensington	90
5-22 The Concrete-Lined Centre Channel upstream of Flemington Road Bridge, Mid 1963	90
5-23 Unmade Road in the Fawkner area, September, 1960	91
5-24 Erosion along the Widford Road Drain at Freeland Grove, Late 1963	95
6-1 Aerial View of the Jacana Retarding Basin	97
6-2 Water Ponded in the Jacana Basin in November 1971	100
6-3 The Jacana Retarding Basin Embankment Structure	100
6-4 Jacana Retarding Basin : The Normal Outlet Pipe and the Glory Hole Spillway	101
6-5 Jacana Retarding Basin : The Outlet Structure	101
7-1 The Realigned Channel between Flemington Road and Ormond Road. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	109
7-2 The Realigned Channel between Flemington Road and Ormond Road	110
7-3 Floodwaters Ponded upstream of Flemington Road	111
7-4 The Realigned and Improved Channel between Ormond Road and Evans Street. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	113
7-5 View looking upstream along the Realigned Channel between Dawson Street and Victoria Street Bridge	114
7-6 The Silurian Outcrop upstream of Ormond Road	114
7-7 The Realigned Channel between Reynard Street and Tate Street. Aerial Views: Before and After Construction	115
7-8 The Realigned Channel between Reynard Street and Tate Street	116
8-1 The Improved Channel between Evans Street and Gordon Street, Essendon	118
8-2 Bank Protection Works at Westmeadows Township	122
8-3 Beautification Works at Westmeadows Township	123
8-4 Bank Erosion at the Rear of Properties on Main Street, Pascoe Vale, March 1955	124
8-5 Bank Erosion and Improvement Works at the Rear of No 23 Stewart Street, Pascoe Vale	124
8-6 Energy Dissipating Drop Structures Near Adelaide Street	126
8-7 Improvements between Margaret Street and Gaffney Street, Pascoe Vale. Aerial Views : Before and After Construction	127
8-8 Aesthetic Treatment of Concrete-Lined Channels	128
8-9 Improvements between Pascoe Street and Lyons Street, Broadmeadows	129
8-10 The Loop and Floodway Opposite Riddell Street	129
8-11 Bank Erosion : Rills caused by Surface Runoff	130
8-12 Bank Protection Works downstream of Lyons Street	130
8-13 The Railway Crescent Diversion Drain downstream of Ripplebrook Drive	134
8-14 The Otway Crescent Drain at Barry Road	135
9-1 Mowing Operations	137
9-2 Car Bodies dumped in Moonee Ponds Creek	138
9-3 Sediment Accumulation and Removal along Moonee Ponds Creek	139
9-4 Silt Traps at Flemington Road and Ormond Road	141
9-5 Bank Slumping and Repair	141
9-6 Bank Repairs near Morrow Street, Brunswick	141
9-7 BG Slabs on the Banks of Moonee Ponds Creek near Bass Street, Broadmeadows	142
9-8 Bank Erosion and Extension of Concrete Lining near Dawson Street, Brunswick and Bell Street, Broadmeadows	142
9-9 Pitching in State of Disrepair	143
9-10 View Looking downstream from the Railway Trestle Bridge	143
9-11 Bank Erosion and Rock Lining near Athens Court, Broadmeadows	143
9-12 Improvements near the City of Broadmeadows Nursery	145
9-13 Improvements at The Boulevard, Coburg	145
9-14 Trail Bikes	146
9-15 Vandalism : Damaged Plants and Graffiti	146
9-16 Parkland between Moonee Ponds Creek and Mooltan Street, Melbourne	165
9-17 The Old,. Filled Course of the Creek at Herbert Street, Broadmeadows	167
9-18 The Esslemont Reserve, Coburg	167
9-19 Parkland along Moonee Ponds Creek at Westmeadows Township	169
9-20 Erosion along the Broad Street Drain	170